Braking apparatus



May 2, 1933. J B, TURMAN 1,907,017

BRAK I NG APPARATUS Filed July l0, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet l May 2, 1933. .1A B. TURMAN 1,907,017

BRAKING APPARATUS Filed July lO, 1931 2 SheS--Sheel 2 erred to which will Patented May 2, 1933 UNITED "STATES PATENT- OFFICE JOE BENTON TURMAN,

PER G'Elll.` TO WILLIAM I. GILBERT, JB., TWENTY-TWO E. MORRIS, TURMAN, JR., TWO

OF LOS ANGELES, CALIF OBNIA,

GILBERT, TWENTY-FOUR .PER PER CENT TO FEED A. WEST, FOUR PEB CENT TO .TESS TWENTY PER CENT TO AILEENTURMAN, TWO PER CENT TO HOSEA B. PERCENT TO LEWIS F. TUBMAN, ,ANDT'WO PEB CENT TO JOHN B.

ssrenon or TWENTY-rena cEN'r 'ro WILLIAM: r.

BARRICK, -ALL Ol' LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA smarrita Prunus This invention relates generally operated braking apparatus, and the principal object of the present invention is to rovide an apparatus of the character reoperate positively and p eiliciently` under all working conditions.

Another object is to provide an apparatus so constructed that gradual or sudden braking action may be secured thereby without working parts. l

A further object is to provide an apparatus of simple and efficient c nstruction .which may be readily applied to t e drive shaft'of a motor vehicle.

Briey stated, the invention consists of a housing through which passes a shaft adapted to be connected to the mechanism to which the braking apparatus is employed.

` the' housing in which pistons operate against a quantity of liquid carried in the cylinders and ina valve controlled by-pass between fthe cylinders. The pistons are connected to' a yoke in which is reciprocably mounted a block in which turns an eccentric keyed to the shaft. During' rotation of the shaft, the pistons reciprocate and induce a circulation of liquid to-and-fro through the by-pass. By closing said valve, such circulation is retarded yor entirely stopped withr corresponding braking eifect upon said shaft. The bypass and cylinders are supplied with liquid from a storage tank which also yfeeds liquid p to the interior of the housing for lubricatinthe yoke, block and eccentric. ther objects and advantages will be apparent from. eience being had to the accompanying drawin s, Ain whichig. 1 is a vertical sectiontaken through a motor vehicle 'chassisvwith the improvedbraking apparatus installed thereon, i the view being taken substantially on line 1- 1 i pf Figc.

subjecting the same toI undue strains on the A .pair of opposed cylinders extend fromformed in a block 34 vertically the following description, ref- 1931. sensi No. Y:$150,000.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary top plan view of 1. ig. 3 is a crossy section taken on line 3--3 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged verticali section of the braking apparatus taken on line 4--4 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a horizontal section taken on line v5"--5 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a detail section taken through one of the pistons and cylinders of the braking apparatus. i

Referring more speciiicallypto the drawings, 10 designates a motor vehicle chassis comprising the usual frame channels 11, engine 12, and drive shaft 14. p v

The improved braking apparatus generally designated at 16 is interconnected with the drive shaft, and serves to apply brak ing action 'to the rear wheels of the vehicle in a manner more fully hereinafter described.

Referringto Figs. 4 and 5, the braking A apparatus consists of a pair of oppositely disposed cylinders 22, which projecting from the end walls y23 of a housing 24, and ,extending through bearing 26 carried by the side walls 28 of the housing is a short shaft 30 connected Yto the drive shaft 14 by couplings 31.

Keyed or otherwise secured to shaft 30 is an eccentric 32 which turns in an opening reciprocable in a yoke 35 which in turn is horizontally reciprocable between guide members A36 carried by the top and bottom walls 38 of the housing. Block 34 is held on ythe eccentric by guide pins 39 projecting from the upper and lower members 40 of the yoke into openings 41 formed in the block.

Projecting from the yoke .into the cylinders l 22 are oppositely disposed pistons or plungers against shifting I ders through ducts 44 'formed in the outer ends. The pipe 43 has flanged ends 45 which engage and are connected by screws or the' normally held 1n open position as shown in Fig. 4.

10 Valve 48 serves to restrict or stop circulation of oil through the by-pass when turned out of register therewith, and is interconnected with the usual brake pedal indicated at P in Figs. 1 and 2 as follows:

Secured to the stem 50 of valve 48 is a bevel gear 51 which meshes with a gear 52 secured to a rock shaft 53 mounted in bearings 54 secured to a cross member 55 extending between the frame channels 11.

The opposite ends of a link 56 are connected by pins 57 to arms 58 and 59 secured to the rock shaft and brake pedal shaft 60, respectively. It will be readily seen that valve 48 maybe partially or fully closed by depressin the brake pedal.

uring closing of valve 48, circulation of the oil is retarded or entirely stopped with a consequent braking effect on the drive shaft through the parts above described.

In order to prevent undue strains on the working parts of said apparatus (during application), a check valve 62 and a coil spring 63 are mounted in a recess 64 formed in the body portion 65 of each piston (see Fig. 6). The springs encircle the check valves 62 and normally hold them seated through engagement with flanges 75 formed thereon..

When seated, the tapered points 66 of said valves close ports 68 formed in plugs 7 0 screw threaded into sleeves 71 which in turn are threadedly connected to the body portions of the istons. The pistons being constructed as a ve described in order that the valves and springs may be assembled therein, or the springs interchanged when required.

Should excessive hydraulic pressure be developed in the cylinders during partial or complete closing of valve 48, said check valves will be unseated during outward movement of each piston. Oil in the cylinders will then pass through the ports 68, openings 72 in the anges 67, and ducts 73 formedv in the body portions of the pistons into the interior of the housings.

It will be noted that springs 63 should be of sutiicient tension to bold the check valves seated, yet permit them to open according to the weight or load of the vehicle to which the apparatus 'is applied.

In order to keep the cylinders 22 and the bypass 18 continuously filled with oil, and prevent admission of air ther-cinto, a small storage tank 74 is provided in an elevated position, and is connected by means of a pipe 75 i5 with one of the' cylinders 22 whereby with the aid of gravity and suction created b the' piston such oil as may be required wi l be supplied to said cylinder upon each stroke. For lubricating the yoke, block, and eccentric suicient oil will leak past the piston 41 into the housing 24, and rise to a level such as shown. A pump including a plunger 78 connected to the yoke, and slidably mounted in a bore 77 formed in one of the end walls 23 of said housing serves to return any excess oil accumulating in the housing back to the storage tank. Excess oil accumulating in the housing enters the bore 77 through a duct 76, and is forced therefrom through a pipe 79 back into the storage tank during outward movement of said plunger. A check valve 80 is interposed in pipe 75 in order to prevent return of the oil to the tank. and a check valve 81 in pipe 79 prevents it from returning to the casing on inward movement of the plunger. y

The braking apparatus is adapted to be cushioned or protected against road shocks or vibratory movement of the drive shaft about the universal joint. This is accomplished by shock absorbing springs 82 arranged as follows:

Parallel channel irons 84 extend between and are connected to the cross member 55 and another member 85 which is also secured to side channels 11 of the frame. Guide rods 85 extend between the ianges of channels 84 and through openings 88 formed in lugs 90 projecting from the cylinders 22. The shock absorbing springs encircle the rods between the lugs and flanges of said channels, and are of suflicient tension to hold the housing in its proper position, but vield suiliciently to prevent undue strains thereon caused by road shocks.

From the foregoing, it will be seen that by 'closing of valve 48 rotation of shaft 30 and drive shaft 14 may be gradually or quickly stopped as required, the action of which is transmitted through the differential and associated parts (not shown) to the rear Wheels of the vehicle.

Although the apparatus has been .shown and described in connection with a motor vehicle, it will be readily understood that it may be advantageously employed as a brake for other uses, for example, tractors and hoisting apparatus.

'i claim:

1. A braking apparatus comprising a housing, a shaft extending through said housing, cylinders connected to said housing, pistons movable in said cylinders, a yoke connected to said pistons, eccentric means mounted on said shaft and engaging said yoke, a by-pass connecting said cylinders, a valve disposed in said ny-pass, a check valve mounted in each of said pistons and normally closing ports formed therein communicating with the cylinders and housing respectively,

nd expansion coil springs urging said valves seated against a predetermined pressure developed in said cylinders and by-pass upon closino' vof the valve in said by-pass.

2. braking apparatus comprising a housing, a shaft extending through said housing, cylinders connected to said housing, pistons movable in said cylinders, a yoke connected to said pistons, eccentric means mounted on said shaft and engagin said yoke, a by-pass connecting said cylin.l ers, a control valve disposed in said by-pa'ss, check `valves mounted in recesses formed in said pistons, springs engaging said check valves and urging them into engagement with seats and closing ports communicating with the cylinders, said check valves ada ted to be unseated and permit passage of Huid through said ort and ducts communicating with the housing when an excessive ressure is developed in said cylinders ang by-pass upon closing of saidV control valve.

3. A braking apparatus comprising in combination, a drive shaft, a housing through which said shaft passes, a pair of cylinders connected with said housing, pistons reciprocable in said cylinders, a liquid by-pass between said cylinders, a liquid supply leading to one of said cylinders, a yoke connecting said pistons and disposed in said housing, a block reciprocable in said yoke, an eccentric movable in said block and ixed on said shaft, a portion of said housing constituting a rcservoir for liquid to lubricate said yoke and eccentric, a pump connected 'with said housin and operable by said yoke, said pump being adapted to receive liquid from said reservoir and being connected to said liquid supply to return surplus liquid thereto rom said reservoir, and a valve in said by-pass to con* trol movement of liquid therethrough when under iniuence of said pistons.

4. A braking apparatus comprising in combination, adrive shaft, a housing through which said shaft passes, cylinders connected with the housing, pistons reciprocable in said cylinders, actuating means connecting said pistons with said drive shaft, a liquid bypass between said cylinders, a liquid supply mleading to said cylinders and by-pass, a por- 'f said housing providing a reservoir l:for excess oil, a pump for returning excess posed in position above said housing, a pipe line leading from said storage tank and communicating with a port formed in the side will of one of saidcylinders, a pump for returning excess lubricant leaking past the piston into said housingl back to said storage tank and operable t rough said actuating means, and a pipe line leading from sa' pump to said storage tank.

In testimony whereof I ailix m JOE BENTON T signature. MAN

oil to said liquid supply and operable through said-actuating means, and a valve in said bypass to control liquid movement therethrough.

' 5. A braking apparatus comprising in combination a drive shaft, a housing through which said shaft passes, cylinders connected with the housing, pistons reciprocable in said cylinders, actuating means connecting said istons with said drive shaft, a liquid by-pass tween said cylinders, a valve interposed in said biz-pass lfor regulating the flow of iluid 05 theret rough, alu ricant storage tank dislll 

